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Quran Ijazah or Ijaza means "permission", "authorization" in Arabic. It's called an authorization certificate because it allows its holder to teach Quran and give the same certificate to qualified learners.

On the authority of Abdullah bin Amr - may Allah be pleased with them both - on the authority of the Prophet (PBUH) who said: "Take the Quran from four: Ibn Masoud, Abu Ibn Ka'b, Muath bin Jabal, and Salim Mawla Abu Hudhayfah"

[Sahih Al Jamie]

Imam Al-Nawawi stated that the explanation is because these four are more specific in terms of Quran wording and perfected in its recitation. They dedicated themselves to taking it from Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) by listening to him, and others taught themselves by learning from one another.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) wanted to advise on what will happen after his death based on the success of these four and their potential in Quran teaching, and that they are more advantaged than others in that. This has Ijazah meaning in its core even if it's not literally mentioned.

The term "ijazah" did not appear until the third century AH, when scholars used to travel for months to specific authorities (Shaykhs), especially the oldest and most respected of the day, to hear the hadiths and Quran from their mouths and receive their permission (ijazah) to transfer those in their names.

This chain has continued to the present day. Students of the Quran and Hadith seek the eligible Shaykhs to have their approval that they have mastered what they learned and are now allowed to pass it on to others.

Types of Quran Ijazah?

Ijazah in Quran Recitation (Reading) With Tajweed

Quran Ijazah in recitation with Tajweed is a certification that allows its holder to teach Quran recitation (reading) and can be granted by a previously Ijazah certified Shaykh or scholar. In other words, people who have Ijazah in Quran recitation have mastered the reading of the Quran and ready to teach others what they learned.

This certificate is awarded to the student after reciting (reading) the whole Quran with Tajweed in the presence of a qualified tutor or Shaykh. The Shaykh then writes a document of permission with the student's name on it, acknowledging that they have mastered reciting and are ready to pass it on.

Ijazah in Quran Memorization (Hifz)

Quran memorization Ijazah is a certification that acknowledges that its holder has memorized the whole Quran and allows them to teach Quran memorization (Hifz). Ijazah is awarded by an already qualified Shaykh or scholar holding Ijazah as well.